The Truth About Right Way Current Flows In a Wire

Introduction

Electricity. From an early age, we were taught that electrons move through wires like water through pipes. Which contributes to electricity. But is that really true. The reality is far from true.

Electric current doesn't flow because electrons rush to your bulb. It flows because electromagnetic waves deliver energy at nearly the speed of light.

Let's take a closer look.

What we think happens:-

In high school physics, we learn that electric current is flow of electrons. The concept is simple: apply a potential difference, and negatively charged electrons move through the conductor, creating current.

It's simple idea. 

But the drift velocity of an electron is much lesser than velocity of a snail. Then how come when we flip the switch light is instantly turned on?

 

What really happens:-

When you close the circuit, you're not sending electrons racing to finish line. Instead, you're setting off an electromagnetic wave. This wave propagates through the circuit at nearly the speed of light, carrying energy to your devices.

Science Behind It:-

In the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell showed us the truth with his equations. These equations describe the behavior of electric and magnetic field. They tell us:-

1. A changing magnetic field creates an electric field.

2. A changing electric field creates an magnetic field. 

This interplay creates a self-sustaining wave. That wave doesn't have to wait for electrons to crawl through the circuit. It zips along at the speed of light. 

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